Publications

Dhananjay Yellajoshyula, Samuel S. Pappas, Abigail E. Rogers, Biswa Choudhury, Xylena Reed, Jinhui Ding, Mark R. Cookson, Vikram G. Shakkottai, Roman J. Giger, William T. Dauer (Aug 2021). THAP1 modulates oligodendrocyte maturation by regulating ECM degradation in lysosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (31) e2100862118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100862118.

Seepersaud R, Anderson AC, Bensing BA, Choudhury BP, Clarke AJ & Sullam PM. (2021). O-acetylation controls the glycosylation of bacterial serine-rich repeat glycoproteins. J Biol Chem. PMID: 33428931. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.016116.

Kawanishi K, Saha S, Diaz S, Vaill M, Sasmal A, Siddiqui SS, Choudhury BP, Sharma K, Chen X, Schoenhofen IC, Sato C, Kitajima K, Freeze HH, Münster-Kühnel A & Varki A (2020). Evolutionary conservation of human ketodeoxynonulosonic acid production is independent of sialoglycan biosynthesis. J Clin Invest. PMID: 33373330. DOI: 10.1172/JCI137681.

Zhong C, Li P, Argade S, Liu L, Chilla A, Liang W, Xin H, Eliceiri B, Choudhury B & Ferrara N (2020). Inhibition of protein glycosylation is a novel pro-angiogenic strategy that acts via activation of stress pathways. Nat Commun. PMID: 33303737. PMCID: PMC7730427. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20108-0.

Ferencz B, Condac E, Poudel N, Munteanu MC, Sivasami P, Choudhury B, Naidu NN, Zhang F, Breshears M, Linhardt RJ & Hinsdale ME (2020). Xylotransferase 2 deficiency and organ homeostasis. Glycoconj J. PMID: 32965647. DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09945-9.

Sevillano AM, Aguilar-Calvo P, Kurt TD, Lawrence JA, Soldau K, Nam TH, Schumann T, Pizzo DP, Nyström S, Choudhury B, Altmeppen H, Esko JD, Glatzel M, Nilsson KPR & Sigurdson CJ (2020). Prion protein glycans reduce intracerebral fibril formation and spongiosis in prion disease. J Clin Invest. pii: 131564. PMID: 31985492. DOI: 10.1172/JCI131564.

Addison R, Hill L, Bode L, Robertson B, Choudhury B, Young D, Wright C, Relton C, Garcia AL & Tappin DM (2019). Development of a biochemical marker to detect current breast milk intake. Matern Child Nutr. e12859. PMID: 31216094. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12859.

Looft T, Cai G, Choudhury B, Lai LX, Lippolis JD, Reinhardt TA, Sylte MJ & Casey TA (2019). Avian Intestinal Mucus Modulates Campylobacter jejuni Gene Expression in a Host-Specific Manner. Front Microbiol. 9, 3215. PMID: 30687245. PMCID: PMC6338021. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03215.

Wise A, Robertson B, Choudhury B, Rautava S, Isolauri E, Salminen S & Bode L (2018). Infants Are Exposed to Human Milk Oligosaccharides Already in utero. Front Pediatr. 6, 270. PMID: 30333965. PMCID: PMC6176122. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00270.

Schretter CE, Vielmetter J, Bartos I, Marka Z, Marka S, Argade S & Mazmanian SK (2018). A gut microbial factor modulates locomotor behaviour in Drosophila. Nature 563, 402-406. PMID: 30356215. PMCID: PMC6237646. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0634-9.

Wieland A, Kamphorst AO, Valanparambil RM, Han JH, Xu X, Choudhury BP & Ahmed R (2018). Enhancing FcγR-mediated antibody effector function during persistent viral infection. Science Immunology 3(27), eaao3125. PMID: 30242080. DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao3125.

Jacobson AN, Choudhury BP & Fischbach MA (2018). The Biosynthesis of Lipooligosaccharide from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. MBio 9(2), pii: e02289-17. PMID: 29535205. PMCID: PMC5850320. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02289-17.

Leker K, Lozano-Pope I, Bandyopadhyay K, Choudhury BP & Obonyo M (2017). Comparison of lipopolysaccharides composition of two different strains of Helicobacter pylori. BMC Microbiology 17, 226. PMID: 29202699. PMCID: PMC5715995. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1135-y.

Sato E, Zhang LJ, Dorschner RA, Adase CA, Choudhury BP & Gallo RL (2017). Activation of Parathyroid Hormone 2 Receptor Induces Decorin Expression and Promotes Wound Repair. 137(8), 1774-1783. PMID: 28454729. PMCID: PMC5810351. DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.034.

Naito-Matsui Y, Davies LR, Takematsu H, Chou HH, Tangvoranuntakul P, Carlin AF, Verhagen A, Heyser CJ, Yoo SW, Choudhury B, Paton JC, Paton AW, Varki NM, Schnaar RL & Varki A (2017). Physiological Exploration of the Long Term Evolutionary Selection against Expression of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in the Brain. J Biol Chem. 292(7), 2557-2570. PMID: 28049733. PMCID PMC5314156. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M116.768531.

Ma X, Pan Q, Feng Y, Choudhury BP, Ma Q, Gagneux P & Ma F (2016). Sialylation Facilitates the Maturation of Mammalian Sperm and Affects Its Survival in Female Uterus. Biol Reprod. 94(6), 123. PMID: 27075617. PMCID: PMC4946803. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137810.

Rivera-Hernandez T, Pandey M, Henningham A, Cole J, Choudhury B, Cork AJ, Gillen CM, Ghaffar KA, West NP, Silvestri G, Good MF, Moyle PM, Toth I, Nizet V, Batzloff MR & Walker MJ (2016). Differing Efficacies of Lead Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates and Full-Length M Protein in Cutaneous and Invasive Disease Models. MBio 7(3), pii: e00618-16. PMID: 27302756. PMCID: PMC4916377. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00618-16.

Tang XX, Ostedgaard LS, Hoegger MJ, Moninger TO, Karp PH, McMenimen JD, Choudhury B, Varki A, Stoltz DA & Welsh MJ (2016). Acidic pH increases airway surface liquid viscosity in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 126(3), 879-91. PMID: 26808501. PMCID: PMC4767348. DOI: 10.1172/JCI83922.

Patra KP, Choudhury B, Matthias MM, Baga S, Bandyopadhya K & Vinetz JM (2015). Comparative analysis of lipopolysaccharides of pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic Leptospira species. BMC Microbiol. 15(1), 244. PMID: 26518696. PMCID: PMC4628369. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0581-7.

Argade S, Chen T, Shaw T, Berecz Z, Shi W, Choudhury B, Lowell Parsons C & Sur RL (2015). An evaluation of Tamm-Horsfall protein glycans in kidney stone formers using novel techniques. Urolithiasis. PMID: 25935139. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0775-3.

Van Wijk XM, Lawrence R, Thijssen VL, van den Broek SA, Troost R, van Scherpenzeel M, Naidu N, Oosterhof A, Griffioen AW, Lefeber DJ, van Delft FL & van Kuppevelt TH (2015). A common sugar-nucleotide-mediated mechanism of inhibition of (glycosamino)glycan biosynthesis, as evidenced by 6F-GalNAc (Ac₃). FASEB J. 29(7), 2993-3002. PMID: 25868729. PMCID: PMC4478805. DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264226.

Wieland A, Shashidharamurthy R, Kamphorst A, Han JH, Aubert RD, Choudhury BP, Stowell SR, Lee J, Punkosdy GA, Shlomchik MJ, Selvaraj P & Ahmed R (2015). Antibody effector functions mediated by Fcγ receptors are compromised during chronic viral infection. Immunity. 42(2), 367-78. PMID: 25680276. PMCID: PMC4339104. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.009. 

Henningham A, Yamaguchi M, Aziz RK, Kuipers K, Buffalo CZ, Dahesh S, Choudhury B, Van Vleet J, Yamaguchi Y, Seymour LM, Ben Zakour NL, He L, Smith HV, Grimwood K, Beatson SA, Ghosh P, Walker MJ, Nizet V & Cole JN (2014). Mutual Exclusivity of Hyaluronan and Hyaluronidase in Invasive Group A Streptococcus. J Biol Chem. 289(46), 32303-15. PMID: 25266727. PMCID: PMC4231703. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M114.602847.

Wen J, Xiao J, Rahdar M, Choudhury BP, Cui J, Taylor GS, Esko JD & Dixon JE (2014). Xylose phosphorylation functions as a molecular switch to regulate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111(44), 15723-8. PMID: 25331875. PMCID: PMC4226115. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417993111.

van Sorge NM, Cole JN, Kuipers K, Henningham A, Aziz RK, Kasirer-Friede A, Lin L, Berends ET, Davies MR, Dougan G, Zhang F, Dahesh S, Shaw L, Gin J, Cunningham M, Merriman JA, Hütter J, Lepenies B, Rooijakkers SH, Malley R, Walker MJ, Shattil SJ, Schlievert PM, Choudhury B & Nizet V (2014). The Classical Lancefield Antigen of Group A Streptococcus is a Virulence Determinant with Implications for Vaccine Design. Cell Host Microbe. 15(6), 729-40. PMID: 24922575. PMCID: PMC4078075. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.05.009.

UC San Diego Health System News Release: A Key Step Toward a Safer Strep Vaccine

Ng KM, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Lynch JB, Kashyap PC, Gopinath S, Nadiu N, Choudhury B, Weimer BC, Monack DM & Sonnenburg JL (2013). Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens. Nature. 502(7469), 96-9. PMID: 23995682. PMCID: PMC3825626. DOI: 10.1038/nature12503.

Akizu N, Cantagrel V, Schroth J, Cai N, Vaux K, McCloskey D, Naviaux RK, Van Vleet J, Fenstermaker AG, Silhavy JL, Scheliga JS, Toyama K, Morisaki H, Sonmez FM, Celep F, Oraby A, Zaki MS, Al-Baradie R, Faqeih E, Saleh M, Spencer E, Rosti RO, Scott E, Nickerson E, Gabriel S, Morisaki T, Holmes EW & Gleeson JG (2013). AMPD2 Regulates GTP Synthesis and is Mutated in a Potentially Treatable Neurodegenerative Brainstem Disorder. Cell. 154(3), 505-517. PMID: 23911318. PMCID: PMC3815927. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.005.

Jantscher-Krenn E, Zherebtsov M, Nissan C, Goth K, Guner YS, Naidu N, Choudhury B, Grishin AV, Ford HR & Bode L (2012). The human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose prevents necrotising enterocolitis in neonatal rats. Gut. 61(10), 1417-25. PMID: 22138535. PMCID: PMC3909680. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301404.

Kowalewski B, Lamanna WC, Lawrence R, Damme M, Stroobants S, Padva M, Kalus I, Frese MA, Lübke T, Lüllmann-Rauch R, D'Hooge R, Esko JD & Dierks T (2012). Arylsulfatase G inactivation causes loss of heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfatase activity and mucopolysaccharidosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109(26), 10310-5. PMID: 22689975. PMCID: PMC3387061. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202071109.

Dehnert KW, Baskin JM, Laughlin ST, Beahm BJ, Naidu NN, Amacher SL & Bertozzi CR (2012). Imaging the sialome during zebrafish development with copper-free click chemistry. Chembiochem. 13(3), 353-7. PMID: 22262667. PMCID: PMC3385855. DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100649.

Lawrence R, Brown JR, Al-Mafraji K, Lamanna WC, Beitel JR, Boons GJ, Esko JD & Crawford BE (2012). Disease-specific non-reducing end carbohydrate biomarkers for mucopolysaccharidoses. Nat Chem Biol. 8(2), 197-204. PMID: 22231271. PMCID: PMC3262053. DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.766.

Inamori K, Yoshida-Moriguchi T, Hara Y, Anderson ME, Yu L & Campbell KP (2012). Dystroglycan function requires xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase activities of LARGE. Science. 335(6064), 93-6. PMID: 22223806. PMCID: PMC3702376. DOI: 10.1126/science.1214115.

Grigorian A, Araujo L, Nadiu NN, Place DJ, Choudhury B & Demetriou M (2011). N-Acetylglucosamine inhibits T-helper 1 (Th1)/T-helper 17 (Th17) cell responses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Biol Chem. 286(46), 40133-41. PMID: 21965673. PMCID: PMC3220534. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.277814.

Muto J, Naidu NN, Yamasaki K, Pineau N, Breton L & Gallo RL (2011). Exogenous addition of a C-xylopyranoside derivative stimulates keratinocyte dermatan sulfate synthesis and promotes migration. PLoS One. 6(10), e25480. PMID: 21998662. PMCID: PMC3187761. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025480.

Lewis AL, Lubin JB, Argade S, Naidu N, Choudhury B & Boyd EF (2011). Genomic and metabolic profiling of nonulosonic acids in Vibrionaceae reveal biochemical phenotypes of allelic divergence in Vibrio vulnificus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77(16), 5782-93. PMID: 21724895. PMCID: PMC3165262. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00712-11.

Parsons CL, Proctor J, Teichman JS, Nickel JC, Davis E, Evans R, Zupkas P, Phillips C, Shaw T, Naidu N & Argade S (2011). A multi-site study confirms abnormal glycosylation in the Tamm-Horsfall protein of patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 186(1), 112-6. PMID: 21571325. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2699.

Qu X, Carbe C, Tao C, Powers A, Lawrence R, van Kuppevelt TH, Cardoso WV, Grobe K, Esko JD & Zhang X (2011). Lacrimal gland development and Fgf10-Fgfr2b signaling are controlled by 2-O- and 6-O-sulfated heparan sulfate. J Biol Chem. 286(16), 14435-44. PMID: 21724895. PMCID: PMC3077643. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.225003.

Xu D, Fuster MM, Lawrence R & Esko JD (2011). Heparan sulfate regulates VEGF₁₆₅- and VEGF₁₂₁-mediated vascular hyperpermeability. J Biol Chem. 286(1), 737-45. PMID: 20974861. PMCID: PMC3013032. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M110.177006.

Apicella MA, Post DM, Fowler AC, Jones BD, Rasmussen JA, Hunt JR, Imagawa S, Choudhury B, Inzana RJ, Maier TM, Frank DW, Zahrt TC, Chaloner K, Jennings MP, McLendon MK & Gibson BW (2010). Identification, characterization and immunogenicity of an O-antigen capsular polysaccharide in Francisellatularensis. PLoS One. 5(7), e11060. PMID: 20625403. PMCID: PMC2897883. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011060.

Yoshida-Moriguchi T, Yu L, Stalnaker SH, Davis S, Kunz S, Madson M, Oldstone MB, Schachter H, Wells L & Campbell KP (2010). O-mannosyl phosphorylation of alpha-dystroglycan is required for laminin binding. Science. 327(5961), 88-92. PMID: 20044576. PMCID: PMC2978000. DOI: 10.1126/science.1180512.

Argade SP, Vanichsarn C, Chenoweth M & Parsons CL (2009). Abnormal glycosylation of Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with interstitial cystitis. BJU Int. 103(8), 1085-9. PMID: 19007360. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08163.x.

Yu S, Xie H, Datta A, Naidu N & Gu XX (2008). Galactose residues on the lipooligosaccharide of Moraxella catarrhalis 26404 form the epitope recognized by the bactericidal antiserum from conjugate vaccination. Infec Immun. 76(9), 4251-8. PMID: 18559429. PMCID: PMC2519401. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01570-07.

Lawrence R, Olson SK, Steele RE, Wang L, Warrior R, Cummings RD & Esko JD (2008). Evolutionary differences in glycosaminoglycan fine structure detected by quantitative glycan reductive isotope labeling. J Biol Chem. 283(48), 33674-84. PMID: 18818196. PMCID: PMC2586254. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M804288200.

Hedlund M, Padler-Karavani V, Varki NM & Varki A (2008). Evidence for a human-specific mechanism for diet and antibody-mediated inflammation in carcinoma progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105(48), 18936-41. PMID: 19017806. PMCID: PMC2596253. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803943105.

Parsons CL, Stein P, Zupkas P, Chenoweth M, Argade SP, Proctor JG, Datta A & Trotter RN (2007). Defective Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 178(6), 2665-70. PMID: 17945284. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.07.125.

Lee SU, Grigorian A, Pawling J, Chen IJ, Gao G, Mozaffar T, McKerlie C & Demetriou M (2007). N-glycan processing deficiency promotes spontaneous inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem. 282(46), 33725-34. PMID: 17855338. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M704839200.

Locke JB, Colvin KM, Datta AK, Patel SK, Naidu NN, Neely MN, Nizet V & Buchanan JT (2007). Streptococcus iniae capsule impairs phagocytic clearance and contributes to virulence in fish. J Bacteriol. 189(4), 1279-87. PMID: 17098893. PMCID: PMC1797360. DOI: 10.1128/JB.01175-06.

Wahrenbrock MG & Varki A (2006). Multiple hepatic receptors cooperate to eliminate secretory mucins aberrantly entering the bloodstream: are circulating cancer mucins the "tip of the iceberg"? Cancer Res. 66(4), 2433-41. PMID: 16489050. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3851.

Qin C, Huang B, Wygant JN, McIntyre BW, McDonald CH, Cook RG & Butler WT (2006). A chondroitin sulfate chain attached to the bone dentin matrix protein 1 NH₂-terminal fragment. J Biol Chem. 281(12), 8034-40. PMID: 16421105. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M512964200.

Horie T, Horie R, Chan WY, Leung HY & Schroeder JI (2006). Calcium regulation of sodium hypersensitivities of sos3 and athkt1 mutants. Plant Cell Physiol. 47(5), 622-33. PMID: 16540484. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcj029.

Kaneko Y, Nimmerjahn F & Ravetch JV (2006). Anti-inflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G resulting from Fc sialylation. Science. 313(5787), 670-3. PMID: 16888140. DOI: 10.1126/science.1129594.

Rabuka D, Hubbard SC, Laughlin ST, Argade SP & Bertozzi CR (2006). A chemical reporter strategy to probe glycoprotein fucosylation. J Am Chem Soc. 128(37), 12078-9. PMID: 16967952. PMCID: PMC3233198. DOI: 10.1021/ja064619y.

Sonnenburg JL, Chen CT & Gordon JI (2006). Genomic and metabolic studies of the impact of probiotics on a model gut symbiont and host. PLoS Biol. 4(12), e413. PMID: 17132046. PMCID: PMC1661682. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040413.

Argüeso P & Sumiyoshi M (2006). Characterization of a carbohydrate epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody H185: sialic acid O-acetylation on epithelial cell-surface mucins. Glycobiology. 16(12), 1219-28. PMID: 16940404. PMCID: PMC1976397. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl041.

Sonnenburg JL, Xu J, Leip DD, Chen CH, Westover BP, Weatherford J, Buhler JD & Gordon JI (2005). Glycan foraging in vivo by an intestine-adapted bacterial symbiont. Science. 307(5717), 1955-9. PMID: 15790854. DOI: 10.1126/science.1109051.

Ampel NM, Nelson DK, Li L, Dionne SO, Lake DF, Simmons KA & Pappagianis D (2005). The mannose receptor mediates the cellular immune response in human coccidioidomycosis. Infect Immun. 73(4), 2554-5. PMID: 15784604. PMCID: PMC1087400. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2554-2555.2005.

Ferguson GP, Datta A, Carlson RW & Walker GC (2005). Importance of unusually modified lipid A in Sinorhizobium stress resistance and legume symbiosis. Mol Microbiol. 56(1), 68-80. PMID: 15773979. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04536.x.

Srikrishna G, Brive L & Freeze HH (2005). Novel carboxylated N-glycans contain oligosaccharide-linked glutamic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 332(4), 1020-7. PMID: 15922305. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.056.

Grobe K, Inatani M, Pallerla SR, Castagnola J, Yamaguchi Y & Esko JD (2005). Cerebral hypoplasia and craniofacial defects in mice lacking heparan sulfate Ndst1 gene function. Development. 132(16), 3777-86. PMID: 16020517. DOI: 10.1242/dev.01935.

Stevenson JL, Choi SH & Varki A (2005). Differential metastasis inhibition by clinically relevant levels of heparins--correlation with selectin inhibition, not antithrombotic activity. Clin Cancer Res. 11(19 Pt 1), 7003-11. PMID: 16203794. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1131.

Bastida-Corcuera FD, Okumura CY, Colocoussi A & Johnson PJ (2005). Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan mutants have reduced adherence and cytotoxicity to human ectocervical cells. Eukaryot Cell. 4(11), 1951-8. PMID: 16278462. PMCID: PMC1287856. DOI: 10.1128/EC.4.11.1951-1958.2005.

Eklund EA, Merbouh N, Ichikawa M, Nishikawa A, Clima JM, Dorman JA, Norberg T & Freeze HH (2005). Hydrophobic Man-1-P derivatives correct abnormal glycosylation in Type I congenital disorder of glycosylation fibroblasts. Glycobiology. 15(11), 1084-93. PMID: 16079417. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj006.

Edwards KJ, Schwingel JM, Datta AK & Campagnari AA (2005). Multiplex PCR assay that identifies the major lipooligosaccharide serotype expressed by Moraxellacatarrhalis clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 43(12), 6139-43. PMID: 16333114. PMCID: PMC1317230. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.12.6139-6143.2005.

Griffitts JS, Haslam SM, Yang T, Garczynski SF, Mulloy B, Morris H, Cremer PS, Dell A, Adang MJ & Aroian RV (2005). Glycolipids as receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin. Science. 307(5711), 922-5. PMID: 15705852. DOI: 10.1126/science.1104444.

Lewis AL, Nizet V & Varki A (2004). Discovery and characterization of sialic acid O-acetylation in group B Streptococcus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101(30), 11123-8. PMID: 15263085. PMCID: PMC503750. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403010101.

Prescher JA, Dube DH & Bertozzi CR (2004). Chemical remodelling of cell surfaces in living animals. Nature. 430(7002), 873-7. PMID: 15318217. DOI: 10.1038/nature02791.

Luchansky SJ & Bertozzi CR (2004). Azido sialic acids can modulate cell-surface interactions. Chembiochem. 5(12), 1706-9. PMID: 15568180. DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400148.

Banerjee A & Ghosh SK (2003). The role of pilin glycan in neisserial pathogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 253(1-2), 179-90. PMID: 14619968. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026058311857.

Wang L, Brown JR, Varki A & Esko JD (2002). Heparin's anti-inflammatory effects require glucosamine 6-O-sulfation and are mediated by blockade of L- and P-selectins. J Clin Invest. 110(1), 127-36. PMID: 12093896. PMCID: PMC151027. DOI: 10.1172/JCI14996.